Release 0.4.1 / 20 October 2026

Planck 2015 results. XVIII. Background geometry and topology of the Universe

Observational constraint: the physically coupled Bianchi VIIh analysis gives (ω/H)₀ < 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 95% confidence. This limit is not transferable to an undefined exterior parent system.

Citation and scope

Planck Collaboration (2016). Planck 2015 results. XVIII. Background geometry and topology of the Universe. Astronomy & Astrophysics 594, A18.

DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201525829

Observational constraint: the physically coupled Bianchi VIIh analysis gives (ω/H)₀ < 7.6 × 10⁻¹⁰ at 95% confidence. This limit is not transferable to an undefined exterior parent system.

Read the source

Use in this release

Listed for the specific context or constraint above. A citation is not an endorsement, independent reproduction or evidence for all NetPhysics proposals.

Evidence map · Speculation register