Causal diagrams for empirical research

Publication

Biometrika 82, 669–710 · 1995

DOI: 10.1093/biomet/82.4.669

Why it is in this atlas

Primary causal-inference framework. UCLA PDF retrieved but text encoding was poor; author and publisher records checked.

Citation identity and relevance checked 2026-10-18. Check the original version and supplementary material before using a result. Inclusion does not imply endorsement by the authors.

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